ledger/src/amount.h

907 lines
27 KiB
C++

/*
* Copyright (c) 2003-2009, John Wiegley. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* - Neither the name of New Artisans LLC nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/**
* @defgroup math Core numerical objects
*/
/**
* @file amount.h
* @author John Wiegley
*
* @ingroup math
*
* @brief Basic type for handling commoditized math: amount_t
*
* This file contains the most basic numerical type in Ledger, which
* relies upon commodity.h for handling commoditized amounts. This
* class allows Ledger to handle mathematical expressions involving
* differing commodities, as well as math using no commodities at all
* (such as increasing a dollar amount by a multiplier).
*/
#ifndef _AMOUNT_H
#define _AMOUNT_H
#include "utils.h"
namespace ledger {
class commodity_t;
class annotation_t;
class commodity_pool_t;
DECLARE_EXCEPTION(amount_error, std::runtime_error);
/**
* @brief Encapsulate infinite-precision commoditized amounts
*
* This class can be used for commoditized infinite-precision math, and
* also for uncommoditized math. In the commoditized case, commodities
* keep track of how they are used, and will always display back to the
* user after the same fashion. For uncommoditized numbers, no display
* truncation is ever done. In both cases, internal precision is always
* kept to an excessive degree.
*/
class amount_t
: public ordered_field_operators<amount_t,
#ifdef HAVE_GDTOA
ordered_field_operators<amount_t, double,
#endif
ordered_field_operators<amount_t, unsigned long,
ordered_field_operators<amount_t, long> > >
#ifdef HAVE_GDTOA
>
#endif
{
public:
/**
* @name Class statics
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* The initialize() and shutdown() methods ready the amount subsystem
* for use. Normally they are called by session_t::initialize() and
* session_t::shutdown().
*/
static void initialize();
static void shutdown();
/**
* The amount's decimal precision.
*/
typedef uint_least16_t precision_t;
/**
* The number of places of precision by which values are extended to
* avoid losing precision during division and multiplication.
*/
static const unsigned int extend_by_digits = 6U;
/**
* The current_pool is a static variable indicating which commodity
* pool should be used.
*/
static commodity_pool_t * current_pool;
/**
* The \c keep_base member determines whether scalable commodities are
* automatically converted to their most reduced form when printing.
* The default is \code true \endcode.
*
* For example, Ledger supports time values specified in seconds,
* hours or minutes. Internally, such amounts are always kept as
* quantities of seconds. However, when streaming the amount Ledger
* will convert it to its "least representation", which is \c 5.2h in
* the second case. If \c keep_base is \c true this amount is
* displayed as \code 18720s \endcode.
*/
static bool keep_base;
/**
* The following three members determine whether lot details are
* maintained when working with commoditized values. The default is
* false for all three.
*
* Let's say a user adds two values of the following form:
*
* @code
* 10 AAPL + 10 AAPL {$20}
* @endcode
*
* This expression adds ten shares of Apple stock with another ten
* shares that were purchased for $20 a share. If \c keep_price is
* false, the result of this expression will be an amount equal to
* \code 20 AAPL \endcode. If \c keep_price is \c true the expression
* yields an exception for adding amounts with different commodities.
* In that case, a \link balance_t \endlink object must be used to
* store the combined sum.
*/
static bool keep_price;
static bool keep_date;
static bool keep_tag;
/**
* The \c stream_fullstrings static member is currently only used by
* the unit testing code. It causes amounts written to streams to use
* to_fullstring() rather than the to_string(), so that complete
* precision is always displayed, no matter what the precision of an
* individual commodity might be.
*/
static bool stream_fullstrings;
static uint_fast32_t sizeof_bigint_t();
/*@}*/
protected:
void _copy(const amount_t& amt);
void _dup();
void _resize(precision_t prec);
void _clear();
void _release();
struct bigint_t;
bigint_t * quantity;
commodity_t * commodity_;
public:
/**
* @name Constructors
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* \c amount_t supports several forms of construction:
*
* amount_t() creates a value for which is_null() is true, and which
* has no value or commodity. If used in value situations it will be
* zero, and its commodity equals \code commodity_t::null_commodity
* \endcode.
*
* amount_t(const double), amount_t(const unsigned long),
* amount_t(const long) all convert from the respective numerics type
* to an amount. No precision or sign is lost in any of these
* conversions. The resulting commodity is always \code
* commodity_t::null_commodity \endcode.
*
* amount_t(const string&), amount_t(const char *) both convert from a
* string representation of an amount, which may or may not include a
* commodity. This is the proper way to initialize an amount like
* \code $100.00 \endcode.
*/
amount_t() : quantity(NULL), commodity_(NULL) {
TRACE_CTOR(amount_t, "");
}
#ifdef HAVE_GDTOA
amount_t(const double val);
#endif
amount_t(const unsigned long val);
amount_t(const long val);
explicit amount_t(const string& val) : quantity(NULL) {
TRACE_CTOR(amount_t, "const string&");
parse(val);
}
explicit amount_t(const char * val) : quantity(NULL) {
TRACE_CTOR(amount_t, "const char *");
assert(val);
parse(val);
}
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Static creator function
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* Calling amount_t::exact(const string&) will create an amount whose
* display precision is never truncated, even if the amount uses a
* commodity (which normally causes "round on streaming" to occur).
* This function is mostly used by the debugging code. It is the
* proper way to initialize \code $100.005 \endcode, where display of
* the extra precision is required. If a regular constructor is used,
* this amount will stream as \code $100.01 \endcode, even though its
* internal value always equals \code $100.005 \endcode.
*/
static amount_t exact(const string& value);
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Destructor
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* Releases the reference count held for the underlying \code
* amount_t::bigint_t \endcode object.
*/
~amount_t() {
TRACE_DTOR(amount_t);
if (quantity)
_release();
}
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Assignment and copy
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* An amount may be assigned or copied. If a double, long or unsigned
* long is assigned to an amount, a temporary is constructed and then
* the temporary is assigned to \code this \endcode. Both the value
* and the commodity are copied, causing the result to compare equal
* to the reference amount.
*
* @note @c quantity must be initialized to \c NULL first, otherwise
* amount_t::_copy() would attempt to release an uninitialized
* pointer.
*/
amount_t(const amount_t& amt) : quantity(NULL) {
TRACE_CTOR(amount_t, "copy");
if (amt.quantity)
_copy(amt);
else
commodity_ = NULL;
}
amount_t(const amount_t& amt, const annotation_t& details) : quantity(NULL) {
TRACE_CTOR(amount_t, "const amount_t&, const annotation_t&");
assert(amt.quantity);
_copy(amt);
annotate(details);
}
amount_t& operator=(const amount_t& amt);
#ifdef HAVE_GDTOA
amount_t& operator=(const double val) {
return *this = amount_t(val);
}
#endif
amount_t& operator=(const unsigned long val) {
return *this = amount_t(val);
}
amount_t& operator=(const long val) {
return *this = amount_t(val);
}
amount_t& operator=(const string& str) {
return *this = amount_t(str);
}
amount_t& operator=(const char * str) {
assert(str);
return *this = amount_t(str);
}
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Comparison
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* The fundamental comparison operation for amounts is compare(),
* which returns a value less than, greater than or equal to zero.
* All the other comparison operators are defined in terms of this
* method. The only special detail is that operator==() will fail
* immediately if amounts with different commodities are being
* compared. Otherwise, if the commodities are equivalent (@see
* keep_price, et al), then the amount quantities are compared
* numerically.
*
* Comparison between an amount and a double, long or unsigned long is
* allowed. In such cases the non-amount value is constructed as an
* amount temporary, which is then compared to \code this \endcode.
*/
int compare(const amount_t& amt) const;
bool operator==(const amount_t& amt) const;
template <typename T>
bool operator==(const T& val) const {
return compare(val) == 0;
}
template <typename T>
bool operator<(const T& amt) const {
return compare(amt) < 0;
}
template <typename T>
bool operator>(const T& amt) const {
return compare(amt) > 0;
}
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Binary arithmetic
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* Amounts support addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
* -- but not modulus, bitwise operations, or shifting. Arithmetic is
* also supported between amounts, double, long and unsigned long, in
* which case temporary amount are constructed for the life of the
* expression.
*
* Although only in-place operators are defined here, the remainder
* are provided by \code boost::ordered_field_operators<> \endcode.
*/
amount_t& operator+=(const amount_t& amt);
amount_t& operator-=(const amount_t& amt);
amount_t& operator*=(const amount_t& amt);
amount_t& operator/=(const amount_t& amt);
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Unary arithmetic
* There are several unary methods supported for amounts.
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* Return an amount's current, internal precision. To find the
* precision it will be displayed at -- assuming it was not created
* using the static method amount_t::exact().
* @see commodity_t::precision()
*/
precision_t precision() const;
/**
* Returns the negated value of an amount.
* @see operator-()
*/
amount_t negate() const {
amount_t temp(*this);
temp.in_place_negate();
return temp;
}
amount_t& in_place_negate();
amount_t operator-() const {
return negate();
}
/**
* Returns the absolute value of an amount. Equivalent to: \code (x <
* 0) ? - x : x \endcode.
*/
amount_t abs() const {
if (sign() < 0)
return negate();
return *this;
}
/**
* An amount's internal value to the given precision, or to the
* commodity's current display precision if no precision value is
* given. This method changes the internal value of the amount, if
* it's internal precision was greater than the rounding precision.
*/
amount_t round() const {
amount_t temp(*this);
temp.in_place_round();
return temp;
}
amount_t& in_place_round();
amount_t round(precision_t prec) const {
amount_t temp(*this);
temp.in_place_round(prec);
return temp;
}
amount_t& in_place_round(precision_t prec);
/**
* Yields an amount whose display precision is never truncated, even
* though its commodity normally displays only rounded values.
*/
amount_t unround() const;
/**
* reduces a value to its most basic commodity form, for amounts that
* utilize "scaling commodities". For example, an amount of \c 1h
* after reduction will be \code 3600s \endcode.
*/
amount_t reduce() const {
amount_t temp(*this);
temp.in_place_reduce();
return temp;
}
amount_t& in_place_reduce();
/**
* unreduce(), if used with a "scaling commodity", yields the most
* compact form greater than one. That is, \c 3599s will unreduce to
* \code 59.98m \endcode, while \c 3601 unreduces to \code 1h
* \endcode.
*/
amount_t unreduce() const {
amount_t temp(*this);
temp.in_place_unreduce();
return temp;
}
amount_t& in_place_unreduce();
/**
* Returns the historical value for an amount -- the default moment
* returns the most recently known price -- based on the price history
* for the given commodity (or determined automatically, if none is
* provided). For example, if the amount were \code 10 AAPL \encode,
* and on Apr 10, 2000 each share of \c AAPL was worth \code $10
* \endcode, then calling value() for that moment in time would yield
* the amount \code $100.00 \endcode.
*/
optional<amount_t>
value(const optional<datetime_t>& moment = none,
const optional<commodity_t&>& in_terms_of = none) const;
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Truth tests
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* Truth tests. An amount may be truth test in several ways:
*
* sign() returns an integer less than, greater than, or equal to
* zero depending on whether the amount is negative, zero, or
* greater than zero. Note that this function tests the actual
* value of the amount -- using its internal precision -- and not
* the display value. To test its display value, use:
* `round().sign()'.
*
* is_nonzero(), or operator bool, returns true if an amount's
* display value is not zero.
*
* is_zero() returns true if an amount's display value is zero.
* Thus, $0.0001 is considered zero if the current display precision
* for dollars is two decimal places.
*
* is_realzero() returns true if an amount's actual value is zero.
* Thus, $0.0001 is never considered realzero.
*
* is_null() returns true if an amount has no value and no
* commodity. This only occurs if an uninitialized amount has never
* been assigned a value.
*/
int sign() const;
operator bool() const {
return is_nonzero();
}
bool is_nonzero() const {
return ! is_zero();
}
bool is_zero() const;
bool is_realzero() const {
return sign() == 0;
}
bool is_null() const {
if (! quantity) {
assert(! commodity_);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Conversion
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* Conversion methods. An amount may be converted to the same types
* it can be constructed from -- with the exception of unsigned
* long. Implicit conversions are not allowed in C++ (though they
* are in Python), rather the following conversion methods must be
* called explicitly:
*
* to_double([bool]) returns an amount as a double. If the optional
* boolean argument is true (the default), an exception is thrown if
* the conversion would lose information.
*
* to_long([bool]) returns an amount as a long integer. If the
* optional boolean argument is true (the default), an exception is
* thrown if the conversion would lose information.
*
* fits_in_double() returns true if to_double() would not lose
* precision.
*
* fits_in_long() returns true if to_long() would not lose
* precision.
*
* to_string() returns an amount'ss "display value" as a string --
* after rounding the value according to the commodity's default
* precision. It is equivalent to: `round().to_fullstring()'.
*
* to_fullstring() returns an amount's "internal value" as a string,
* without any rounding.
*
* quantity_string() returns an amount's "display value", but
* without any commodity. Note that this is different from
* `number().to_string()', because in that case the commodity has
* been stripped and the full, internal precision of the amount
* would be displayed.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_GDTOA
double to_double(bool no_check = false) const;
#endif
long to_long(bool no_check = false) const;
string to_string() const;
string to_fullstring() const;
string quantity_string() const;
#ifdef HAVE_GDTOA
bool fits_in_double() const;
#endif
bool fits_in_long() const;
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Commodity methods
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* The following methods relate to an
* amount's commodity:
*
* commodity() returns an amount's commodity. If the amount has no
* commodity, the value returned is `current_pool->null_commodity'.
*
* has_commodity() returns true if the amount has a commodity.
*
* set_commodity(commodity_t) sets an amount's commodity to the
* given value. Note that this merely sets the current amount to
* that commodity, it does not "observe" the amount for possible
* changes in the maximum display precision of the commodity, the
* way that `parse' does.
*
* clear_commodity() sets an amount's commodity to null, such that
* has_commodity() afterwards returns false.
*
* number() returns a commodity-less version of an amount. This is
* useful for accessing just the numeric portion of an amount.
*/
commodity_t& commodity() const;
bool has_commodity() const;
void set_commodity(commodity_t& comm) {
if (! quantity)
*this = 0L;
commodity_ = &comm;
}
void clear_commodity() {
commodity_ = NULL;
}
amount_t number() const {
if (! has_commodity())
return *this;
amount_t temp(*this);
temp.clear_commodity();
return temp;
}
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Commodity annotations
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* An amount's commodity may be
* annotated with special details, such as the price it was
* purchased for, when it was acquired, or an arbitrary note,
* identifying perhaps the lot number of an item.
*
* annotate_commodity(amount_t price, [datetime_t date, string tag])
* sets the annotations for the current amount's commodity. Only
* the price argument is required, although it can be passed as
* `none' if no price is desired.
*
* commodity_annotated() returns true if an amount's commodity has
* any annotation details associated with it.
*
* annotation_details() returns all of the details of an annotated
* commodity's annotations. The structure returns will evaluate as
* boolean false if there are no details.
*
* strip_annotations([keep_price, keep_date, keep_tag]) returns an
* amount whose commodity's annotations have been stripped. The
* three `keep_' arguments determine which annotation detailed are
* kept, meaning that the default is to follow whatever
* amount_t::keep_price, amount_t::keep_date and amount_t::keep_tag
* have been set to (which all default to false).
*/
void annotate(const annotation_t& details);
bool is_annotated() const;
annotation_t& annotation();
const annotation_t& annotation() const {
return const_cast<amount_t&>(*this).annotation();
}
amount_t strip_annotations(const bool _keep_price = keep_price,
const bool _keep_date = keep_date,
const bool _keep_tag = keep_tag) const;
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Parsing
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* The `flags' argument of both parsing may be one or more of the
* following:
*
* PARSE_NO_MIGRATE means to not pay attention to the way an
* amount is used. Ordinarily, if an amount were $100.001, for
* example, it would cause the default display precision for $ to be
* "widened" to three decimal places. If PARSE_NO_MIGRATE is
* used, the commodity's default display precision is not changed.
*
* PARSE_NO_REDUCE means not to call in_place_reduce() on the
* resulting amount after it is parsed.
*
* These parsing methods observe the amounts they parse (unless
* PARSE_NO_MIGRATE is true), and set the display details of
* the corresponding commodity accordingly. This way, amounts do
* not require commodities to be pre-defined in any way, but merely
* displays them back to the user in the same fashion as it saw them
* used.
*
* There is also a static convenience method called
* `parse_conversion' which can be used to define a relationship
* between scaling commodity values. For example, Ledger uses it to
* define the relationships among various time values:
*
* @code
* amount_t::parse_conversion("1.0m", "60s"); // a minute is 60 seconds
* amount_t::parse_conversion("1.0h", "60m"); // an hour is 60 minutes
* @endcode
*/
enum parse_flags_enum_t {
PARSE_DEFAULT = 0x00,
PARSE_NO_MIGRATE = 0x01,
PARSE_NO_REDUCE = 0x02,
PARSE_SOFT_FAIL = 0x04
};
typedef basic_flags_t<parse_flags_enum_t, uint_least8_t> parse_flags_t;
/**
* The method parse() is used to parse an amount from an input stream
* or a string. A global operator>>() is also defined which simply
* calls parse on the input stream. The parse() method has two forms:
*
* parse(istream, flags_t) parses an amount from the given input
* stream.
*
* parse(string, flags_t) parses an amount from the given string.
*
* parse(string, flags_t) also parses an amount from a string.
*/
bool parse(std::istream& in,
const parse_flags_t& flags = PARSE_DEFAULT);
bool parse(const string& str,
const parse_flags_t& flags = PARSE_DEFAULT) {
std::istringstream stream(str);
bool result = parse(stream, flags);
assert(stream.eof());
return result;
}
static void parse_conversion(const string& larger_str,
const string& smaller_str);
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Printing
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* An amount may be output to a stream using the
* `print' method. There is also a global operator<< defined which
* simply calls print for an amount on the given stream. There is
* one form of the print method, which takes one required argument
* and two arguments with default values:
*
* print(ostream, bool omit_commodity = false, bool full_precision =
* false) prints an amounts to the given output stream, using its
* commodity's default display characteristics. If `omit_commodity'
* is true, the commodity will not be displayed, only the amount
* (although the commodity's display precision is still used). If
* `full_precision' is true, the full internal precision of the
* amount is displayed, regardless of its commodity's display
* precision.
*/
void print(std::ostream& out, bool omit_commodity = false,
bool full_precision = false) const;
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Serialization
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* An amount may be deserialized from an input stream or a character
* pointer, and it may be serialized to an output stream. The methods
* used are:
*
* read(istream) reads an amount from the given input stream. It
* must have been put there using `write(ostream)'. The required
* flow of logic is:
* amount_t::current_pool->write(out)
* amount.write(out) // write out all amounts
* amount_t::current_pool->read(in)
* amount.read(in)
*
* read(char *&) reads an amount from data which has been read from
* an input stream into a buffer. It advances the pointer passed in
* to the end of the deserialized amount.
*
* write(ostream, [bool]) writes an amount to an output stream in a
* compact binary format. If the second parameter is true,
* quantities with multiple reference counts will be written in an
* optimized fashion. NOTE: This form of usage is valid only for
* the binary journal writer, it should not be used otherwise, as it
* has strict requirements for reading that only the binary reader
* knows about.
*/
void read(std::istream& in);
void read(const char *& data,
char ** pool = NULL,
char ** pool_next = NULL);
void write(std::ostream& out, unsigned int index = 0) const;
/*@}*/
/**
* @name XML Serialization
*/
/*@{*/
void read_xml(std::istream& in);
void write_xml(std::ostream& out, const int depth = 0) const;
/*@}*/
/**
* @name Debugging
*/
/*@{*/
/**
* There are two methods defined to help with debugging:
*
* dump(ostream) dumps an amount to an output stream. There is
* little different from print(), it simply surrounds the display
* value with a marker, for example "AMOUNT($1.00)". This code is
* used by other dumping code elsewhere in Ledger.
*
* valid() returns true if an amount is valid. This ensures that if
* an amount has a commodity, it has a valid value pointer, for
* example, even if that pointer simply points to a zero value.
*/
void dump(std::ostream& out) const {
out << "AMOUNT(";
print(out);
out << ")";
}
bool valid() const;
/*@}*/
};
extern amount_t * one;
inline amount_t amount_t::exact(const string& value) {
amount_t temp;
temp.parse(value, PARSE_NO_MIGRATE);
return temp;
}
inline string amount_t::to_string() const {
std::ostringstream bufstream;
print(bufstream);
return bufstream.str();
}
inline string amount_t::to_fullstring() const {
std::ostringstream bufstream;
print(bufstream, false, true);
return bufstream.str();
}
inline string amount_t::quantity_string() const {
std::ostringstream bufstream;
print(bufstream, true);
return bufstream.str();
}
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const amount_t& amt) {
amt.print(out, false, amount_t::stream_fullstrings);
return out;
}
inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, amount_t& amt) {
amt.parse(in);
return in;
}
} // namespace ledger
#include "commodity.h"
namespace ledger {
inline bool amount_t::operator==(const amount_t& amt) const {
if (commodity() != amt.commodity())
return false;
return compare(amt) == 0;
}
inline commodity_t& amount_t::commodity() const {
return has_commodity() ? *commodity_ : *current_pool->null_commodity;
}
inline bool amount_t::has_commodity() const {
return commodity_ && commodity_ != commodity_->parent().null_commodity;
}
} // namespace ledger
#endif // _AMOUNT_H