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These options affect only the output, but not which postings are used to create it:

@option{--collapse} (@option{-n}) causes transactions in a @command{register} report with multiple postings to be collapsed into a single, subtotaled transaction.

@option{--subtotal} (@option{-s}) causes all transactions in a @command{register} report to be collapsed into a single, subtotaled transaction.

@option{--by-payee} (@option{-P}) reports subtotals by payee.

@option{--comm-as-payee} (@option{-x}) changes the payee of every posting to be the commodity used in that posting. This can be useful when combined with other options, such as @option{-s}.

@option{--empty} (@option{-E}) includes even empty accounts in the @command{balance} report.

@option{--weekly} (@option{-W}) reports posting totals by the week. The week begins on whichever day of the week begins the month containing that posting. To set a specific begin date, use a period string, such as @samp{weekly from DATE}. @option{--monthly} (@option{-M}) reports posting totals by month; @option{--yearly} (@option{-Y}) reports posting totals by year. For more complex period, using the @option{--period} option described above.

@option{--dow} reports postings totals for each day of the week. This is an easy way to see if weekend spending is more than on weekdays.

@option{--sort EXPR} (@option{-S EXPR}) sorts a report by comparing the values determined using the value expression @var{EXPR}. For example, using @option{-S -UT} in the balance report will sort account balances from greatest to least, using the absolute value of the total. For more on how to use value expressions, see @ref{Value expressions}.

@option{--wide} (@option{-w}) causes the default @command{register} report to assume 132 columns instead of 80.

@option{--head} causes only the first N transactions to be printed. This is different from using the command-line utility @command{head}, which would limit to the first N postings. @option{--tail} outputs only the last N transactions. Both options may be used simultaneously. If a negative amount is given, it will invert the meaning of the flag (instead of the first five transactions being printed, for example, it would print all but the first five).

@option{--pager} tells Ledger to pass its output to the given pager program---very useful when the output is especially long. This behavior can be made the default by setting the @env{LEDGER_PAGER} environment variable.

@option{--average} (@option{-A}) reports the average posting value.

@option{--deviation} (@option{-D}) reports each posting's deviation from the average. It is only meaningful in the @command{register} and @command{prices} reports.

@option{--percentage} (@option{-%}) shows account subtotals in the @command{balance} report as percentages of the parent account.

@option{--totals} include running total information in the @command{xml} report.

@option{--amount-data} (@option{-j}) changes the @command{register} report so that it output nothing but the date and the value column, and the latter without commodities. This is only meaningful if the report uses a single commodity. This data can then be fed to other programs, which could plot the date, analyze it, etc.

@option{--total-data} (@option{-J}) changes the @command{register} report so that it output nothing but the date and totals column, without commodities.

@option{--display EXPR} (@option{-d EXPR}) limits which postings or accounts or actually displayed in a report. They might still be calculated, and be part of the running total of a register report, for example, but they will not be displayed. This is useful for seeing last month's checking postings, against a running balance which includes all posting values:

@example ledger -d "d>=[last month]" reg checking @end example

The output from this command is very different from the following, whose running total includes only postings from the last month onward:

@example ledger -p "last month" reg checking @end example

Which is more useful depends on what you're looking to know: the total amount for the reporting range (@option{-p}), or simply a display restricted to the reporting range (using @option{-d}).

@option{--date-format STR} (@option{-y STR}) changes the basic date format used by reports. The default uses a date like 2004/08/01, which represents the default date format of @samp{%Y/%m/%d}. To change the way dates are printed in general, the easiest way is to put @option{--date-format FORMAT} in the Ledger initialization file @file{~/.ledgerrc} (or the file referred to by @env{LEDGER_INIT}).

@option{--format STR} (@option{-F STR}) sets the reporting format for whatever report ledger is about to make. @xref{Format strings}. There are also specific format commands for each report type:

@itemize @item @option{--balance-format STR} @item @option{--register-format STR} @item @option{--print-format STR} @item @option{--plot-amount-format STR} (-j @command{register}) @item @option{--plot-total-format STR} (-J @command{register}) @item @option{--equity-format STR} @item @option{--prices-format STR} @item @option{--wide-register-format STR} (-w @command{register}) @end itemize
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